Essay --

Sarah MillerMr. MaltbySenior Project3-11-14 The History of Interior Design hold about the things that make a home look nice. Think about the specific components that pull the whole place together. The paint or wallpaper on the walls, the hardwood or carpet on the floor, the furniture, and even the paintings or decoration on the walls. All of these important characteristics make up intimate design. Interior design has been just about for as long as the very first homes were built. But, what many people dont know about atomic number 18 the continuous changes in interior(a) design throughout history. From the looks of the early seventeenth century home, or the introduction to neoclassicism in the 18th century, to the move towards modernism in the 1900s..Interior design is an ever ever-changing feature. Technology played a key part in the 17th century home. The introduction of the 17th century inventions such as the internal/ orthogonal brick, house partitions, and stone walls substa ntially changed how the average interior was used and exposed. After the Great Fire of London in 1666, the fear of fire was huge in the homes of 1700. The brick, partitions and stone not only created more effective protection against fire, but they allowed for better structural strength, improved insulation, and created opportunities for greater and more elaborate use of interior plasterwork. (Parissien 18) The use of coal in Northern Europe began to increase, making many innovations in fireplace technology. People began to realize that the size of the fireplace didnt ineluctably mean more heat and the bigger the chimney piece opening meant the more heat was wasted up the flue. Therefore, the fireplace opening was made little and the chimney piece began to serve as a decorative,... ... more spacious kitchen environment. (Ferebee 116).In conclusion, interior design has seen its fair share of changes throughout history. The looks of the early 17th century home with its emphasis on the chimneypiece, the introduction to neoclassicism in the 18th century which stressed principals and proportion, or the first steps toward modernism in the 1900s when hygienics was the main focus. Interior design would not be the same today without the ideas of designers throughout history. I believe that our current style of interior design with its passing modern look was a result of those very first steps toward modernism way back in the early 1900s. Next clock you are admiring how wonderful your home looks, give a silent thank you to those early designers who planted the seed of interior design in many minds that has been passed down, time to time to our generation.

Foster Care Essay -- Social Issues, Adoption and Safe Family Acta

There are too many children in rear help. Despite federal legislation (viz., the Adoption and Safe Family transaction ASFA, among other legislative directives) designed to reduce the number of children in care, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2010) indicates that of the 285,000 children exiting care in 2008, only 52 part were reunified with their parents or primary caretakers. Although ASFA likewise has statutory guidelines designed to reduce the amount of time required for the courts to decide permanent placement for children that have been removed from their parents, children exiting foster care in 2008 spent an average of 21.8 months in state custody (U.S. Department of Heath and Human Services). These outcomes create several questions for researchers, two of which are tending(p) to the current study 1) What factors influence whether children are reunified with their families and 2) What factors influence the timeliness with which reunification occurs? Prio r research has attempted to answer these questions by focusing on demographic information such as age, race, education of parents and children (e.g., Courtney, 1994 Wulczyn, 2004), and income (e.g., Courtnety, 2004 Eamon, 2002) family composition such as single parent homes and number of adults in home (e.g., Davis, Landsverk, Newton, & Ganger, 1996 Harris & Courtney, 2003). One caveat to these examinations is that many of them look at factors like e.g., race, family composition, poverty they did not focus on the processes and/or structures of the juvenile dependency court system itself. The present study attempts to outperform this caveat by examining a process factorinvolvement of the parents and their respective legal representatives at early decision-m... ...fathers were not involved (Malm et al., 2008). Children whose non-resident fathers were highly involved also spent less time in foster care (21.4 months) than children whose non-resident fathers were not involved (25.3 mon ths) (Malm et al.). Despite previous research examining father involvement in function and case plan development, a paucity of research remains concerning the influence of father involvement in legal proceedings on dependency outcomes. Although or so analysts (such as Edwards, 2009) suggest that including the father in dependency proceedings may lead to favorable outcomes for the child, including relative placement as opposed to foster care and possibly avoiding out-of-home placement altogether, these suggestions have not been empirically tested. This study examines association between fathers involvement in legal proceedings and reunification.

Right-Wing Influences in American Media :: Essays Papers

Right-Wing Influences in American Media Since the advent of goggle box networks, Americans nurture relied on local anaesthetic and national newscasts to inform them of the worlds happenings. In the 1950s there were no other mass informational outlets besides the network news and newspapers. Today we have the internet, which allows independent research, but the majority of Americans still depend on network and pipeline newscasts for their local, political, and foreign news. With the responsibility and power of informing an entire country, are television system newscasts as reliable as most Americans assume them to be? Most Americans dont consider where their news is coming from or who is producing it. Network and cable news are owned and operated by people and thus are not as objective and unbiased as we would like to think. In infirm of the war in Iraq and the most recent presidential election, critics of television network administration are voicing their concern for to days presentation of the news. more and more more Americans are demanding a rehabilitation of newscasts, starting with ownership. News Ownership Before examining media practices, lets establish what the major news networks are and who owns them. As most Americans know, ownership of media outlets is largely centralized around 6 main networks or mergers. Since 2000 the Big Six conglomerates (as they are often referred to) account for ninety percent of all media ownership including television, radio, newspapers, internet, books, magazines, videos, wire services and photo agencies. (Adams) In 2001, America Online (AOL) and Time Warner merged to become the worlds largest media organization. AOL Time Warner accounts for twelve television companies including Warner Brothers, 29 cable operations companies across the globe including CNN and Time Warner Cable, 24 book brands, 35 magazines including Time and Fortune, 52 record labels, the Turner Entertainment crapper which owns four professional sports teams, and provides AOL internet services to 27 million subscribers in fourteen countries. In addition, the conglomerate owns multiple theme parks and Warner Brothers stores in thirty countries across the globe. AOL Time Warner is chaired by Steve Case, with Gerald Levin as CEO and boasts 79,000 employees worldwide. AOL Time Warners multi-faceted conglomerate brings in $31.8 billion in revenues annually. (New Internationalist)The second-largest media conglomerate is the Walt Disney Corporation, which has come a yearn way from its cartoon industry decades ago. The Disney Channel broadcasts in eight countries, with its sister sports channel ESPN broadcasting to 165 countries on three continents.

Free Ophelia Essays - Alone in Hamlet :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Ophelia - All alone in settlement     Within Ophelias head spins many thoughts after the remainder of her father. She is inevitably suffering from a nervous breakdown at the hand of her once suitor Hamlet. Ophelia is now alone without, her brother Laertes, Hamlet, her father Polonius, or take down a female role model to help her through this time of sadness. During the scene, she struggles with reality and fiction. Is what she saying all lost thoughts about her head, or do they imbibe sense, perfect senses to the outcome of the play.   For the most part during this time in her life, Ophelia has no one to tell her, or guide her. As her brother does when he warns her of Hamlet and the trifling of his favor... (1, 3, 5), that His greatness weighed, his will is not his own(1, 3, 17). She is also at a loss for her father, Polonius words of wisdom of her relationship with Hamlet he states, Do not believe his vows, for they are brokers, not of that dye which th eir investments show... (1, 3, 126-127). Nor does she have Hamlet to lean to for advice as when he tells her to get thee to a nunnery...(3, 1, 121).   Shakespeare never lets on that Ophelia had a mother this only leaves Queen Gertrude to fill the empty void as a female role model. At one time Polonius tries to convince the mightiness and Queen that the lack of his daughters love is the cause of Hamlets madness, in Act two, Scene two. Only a short time later on does Gertrude tell Ophelia,   Ophelia, I do wish   that your good beauties be the happy cause   of Hamlets wildness. So shall I hope our virtues   will bring him to his wonted way again... (3, 1, 38-41).   On the other hand, later in the play Gertrude refuses to see Ophelia, stating, I will not speak to her (4, 5, 1) on the first line of Act four, Scene five. Gertrude does not even blast to change her mind until Horatio reminds her, Twere good she were spoken with, for she may strew dangerous conjectures in ill-breeding minds (4,5,15-16).

Free Ophelia Essays - Alone in Hamlet :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Ophelia - All alone in village     Within Ophelias head spins many thoughts after the demolition of her father. She is inevitably suffering from a nervous breakdown at the hand of her once suitor Hamlet. Ophelia is now alone without, her brother Laertes, Hamlet, her father Polonius, or yet a female role model to help her through this time of sadness. During the scene, she struggles with reality and fiction. Is what she saying all lost thoughts about her head, or do they occupy sense, perfect senses to the outcome of the play.   For the most part during this time in her life, Ophelia has no one to tell her, or guide her. As her brother does when he warns her of Hamlet and the trifling of his favor... (1, 3, 5), that His greatness weighed, his will is not his own(1, 3, 17). She is also at a loss for her father, Polonius words of wisdom of her relationship with Hamlet he states, Do not believe his vows, for they are brokers, not of that dye which their inve stments show... (1, 3, 126-127). Nor does she have Hamlet to lean to for advice as when he tells her to get thee to a nunnery...(3, 1, 121).   Shakespeare never lets on that Ophelia had a mother this only leaves Queen Gertrude to fill the empty void as a female role model. At one time Polonius tries to convince the fairy and Queen that the lack of his daughters love is the cause of Hamlets madness, in Act two, Scene two. Only a short time afterwards does Gertrude tell Ophelia,   Ophelia, I do wish   that your good beauties be the happy cause   of Hamlets wildness. So shall I hope our virtues   will bring him to his wonted way again... (3, 1, 38-41).   On the other hand, later in the play Gertrude refuses to see Ophelia, stating, I will not speak to her (4, 5, 1) on the first line of Act four, Scene five. Gertrude does not even set about to change her mind until Horatio reminds her, Twere good she were spoken with, for she may strew danger ous conjectures in ill-breeding minds (4,5,15-16).

Personal & Practical Applications Essay

The purpose of this root is to afford you the probability to express your belowstanding and appreciation of psychology as it relates to your witness experiences and aspirations. In former(a) words, this typography entrust assess how well you earth-closet relate various psychological theories, c erstwhilepts, and formulas to real life particularally, your own lifeYou ar to briefly describe A) the kind of work you are currently doing and/or the kind of work you plan to do in the emerging, and/or B) any some unitaryal/family issues you may currently have and/or plan to have in the future tense and/or have had in the past (and would sell to share), such as your past or present relationship with your parents, present or future relationship with a significant other, present or future child-rearing plans, etc. Then, in some detail, describe how things you have learned in this course have given you the kind of information and insight that will add together to your happiness and success in life. Make sure you explain which specific theories, concepts, or principles are particularly relevant and precisely how and wherefore they are important. Do non simply copy terms and definitions. Demonstrate true on a lower floorstanding by means of application rather than recitation.If you have any questions about this assignment or any problems completing in by the due date, get sure to consult with me well in advance of the due date. Your news report must be at least 5 full double-spaced imaged pages inlength, and this sheet should be stapled (not clipped) to the top of it prior to submission. Please do not place your paper in a special folder or use a special cloak. Thank you. HOW TO DO WELL ON THIS PAPERSubmit your paper on the due date.Make sure your paper is at least 5 full double-spaced pages. Do not make your margins more than 1 inch and do not use a font larger than 12. Remember that this is a psychological paper. Do not talk about anything if you are not going to relate it to a specific psychological theory, concept, or principle. Keep in mind that anything and everything you have done, are doing, or plan to do is fair game for this paper. You may focus on work or family, you may focus on the present or the future, or you may dispel your discussions across several(prenominal) aspects of your life. That is entirely up to you. But do not fill up pages with long descriptions of your experiences, plans, relationships, etc.Instead, provide specific explanations of how an understanding of those specific psychological theories, concepts, or principles will help you be a better professional/parent/friend/partner/spouse/student or any(prenominal) out there in the real world.For example, do not frame something like My boyfriend and I are so much in sleep with and were going to get married and live happily ever subsequently. Instead, write something like Learning about Sternbergs Triangular Theory of heat helped me realize why my past loves didnt last, and has given me confidence that my current relationship, which contains all three elements, will in fact be as prospering as I think it will be. thither is no set number of theories, concepts, or principles you must apply in this paper. However, if you do not discover a least 6 different theories, concepts, or principles in your discussions, that will solving in a major loss of points. Also keep in mind that the asterisks in the notes are there to help you study for the exams and are not tied into your papers. Therefore, you should have free to use any theory, concept, or principle you feel is relevant whether or not it is marked with an asterisk. Attend class and pay attention.Read the assignment and keep it in mind as we cover all of the material in class. It is strongly suggested that from the beginning of the semester, you make indications on the notes or on a separate piece of paper every succession we go over something that you feel will be relevan t to thispaper. If you do this, putting together the 5 pages at the end of the semester will be easy. If you detention until the last minute and have not really thought about this paper until then, you may have a great deal of difficulty. As you write your paper, make sure you understand what youre talking about. Throwing in meaningless garbage and gibberish will not get you any points and is likely to result in your losing several points. If you dont understand what you need to do, if youre having trouble writing 5 full pages, if there is a problem submitting the paper on the due date, and/or if you are having any other kind of difficulty, then call me, e-mail me, or see me before or after class well before that due date. There is no excuse for not getting whatever help you need. Psychology has always been an intriguing base for me.It can be applied in many different aspects of life. It can help understand the world around us more clearly large number we interact with, and can c ontribute to self-improvement. Even though we might not be always aware of that, we engage in psychological principles and concepts on effortless basis. People are social creatures. We live with others and the effect that other people have on the behavior of individuals is tremendous. As a strong example I will refer to Bystander apathy. In theory this psychological concept sounds frightening when you witness it with your own eyes and experience it, it gets even more disturbing. When a person who faces a twituation of another person in distress but does so with the knowledge that others are overly present and available to respond is laggard and less likely to respond to the person in distress than is a person who knows that he or she is the only one who is aware of the distress.I once found myself in that situation when I was in eleventh grade. We were having a 10 minute break and there was a confrontation between dickens if my classmates. The two boys began to fight and there was no teacher in the classroom. They were beating and slamming on each other outrageously. Even though everyone knew what was happening was not good, zero acted, nobody tried to stop the fight or even to call a teacher. Learning about this phenomenon as a psychological concept, I silent how in such setting the responsibility is being diffused among the bystanders and the more people are present during an emergency, the less likely someone is to become touch on in the problem.I am at the point in my life that I have to make a major decision about my future as far as my career goes, and I have chosen to follow a path in the field of medicine, more particularly dentistry. Having a goal like that means I have to be extremely motivated, ambitious, and have a drive to succeed. After the publishing of a book title Type A Behavior and Your Heart in 1974, which was a result of 3 decades of research into the influence of certain personality characteristics, numerous researchers have expl ored what Mayer Freidman, one of the two medical doctors who published the book, called Type A personality. Type A people are workaholics they are very competitive, ambitious, hate to waste fourth dimension, and are considerably annoyed. They feel a constant sense of pressure. Often successful but frequently unsatisfied, they always seem to want to go faster and do more. Furthermore, type A person finds it difficult to relax and do nothing.In this sense I refer to myself as a Type A Personality. There is something undersurface my thoughts that always reminds me I should not spend a single day thats not worth, or without any purpose, and if I do so, I feel uncomfortable and dissatisfied, almost depressed. I can never imagine myself doing anything different in the future than what I wanted since I was 4 years old, and I have a clear resolution on what I have to do to accomplish my goal, therefore, I strive for it with every move I make. I was surprised to know that there is a type of personality that describes my personal feeling about the individual I am.Having a goal to become a Doctor in a specific area of study from a very young age, and keeping that goal in mind as I greatly succeeded in High School, with the hopes of having good transcripts when Im applying to Medical Schools years into the future is evidence enough of my personality type. With aspirations of bonnie a Dentist, my strength areas of study are the sciences and mathematics. I have a calculating, and very observational mindset at all times. I am going to discuss several people with whom I have personal relationships. Throughout the span of time I have known the individuals I will discuss, I have fundamentally been collecting data on them through the method of natural observation. I suppose we all are doing so with those closest to us, whether we are conscious of it or not.I have a fourteen month-old Niece named Scarlett. From a developmentalPsychology standpoint, my relationship with the cutest baby on planet Earth is a goldmine of opportunity to witness a childs development from birth. Sensory Development is a joy to see grow in my niece. It seems that every day she is doing something new, and displaying that she is becoming more and more aware of her environment, her body, her physical limitations (or lack thereof), and her relationship with other people. As she grew from infancy to her current age, we have meticulously documented her every move. There exists thousands of hours of digital video showing her progress. Since she is the first grandbaby in the family, she gets all the attention, however, my sister is six months pregnant with the next one already She is in the stage of motherhood known as the fetal period, until she has him (its a boy) by her due date in February.However, by assessing the documentation of Scarlett and the milestones in her life, I have compared her physical development to all the data in the most common books and websites. Scarlett mo st definitely falls within The Average Range Vs. Normal Range for Developmental Milestones, in fact, she is ahead on most of them, even though it supposedly has no predictive power, we are still proud. Scarlett displays proof of Observational Learning. My sister is also a Nanny for 2 other babies, and she sees her mother feeding, changing, holding, putting kids in high chairs and baby seats, etc. She has a doll that is actually a 2 foot tall representation of Jerry Garcia from the band The Grateful Dead. We could not figure out for the life of us why she kept removing Jerrys pants, or why Jerrys pants were removable for that matter. ane day the pants came off, and we saw her attempting to put a diaper on Jerry. As soon as we realise what she was doing, and why, we started to encourage the behavior, and now Jerry always has a clean diaper, his own little baby seat, an old broken high-chair that was around so he can sit at the table, and most importantly, Jerry has his pants on.Scar lett witnesses her mother doing these things every day, and she wants to mimic her. The theory that Piaget suggested that children start with no way of dealing with the world, no way to think. They have to make it up and develop the skills in their minds about how to get what they want, express what they dont like, figure out this authority and power thing, and so many other factors that Im not going to get into because it is a long list. He proposed that children develop in stages. I perceive Scarlett to be in the sensorimotor Stage,which starts at birth and spans until about the age of two years, when the Preoperational Stage begins. However, although she is technically in the Sensorimotor Stage, where her senses, motor skills, problem solving skills, and response to authority are all developing, she is starting to display some onset tendencies of Preoperational Stage traits.She is beginning to show ego-centric personality traits, like not sharing, thinking the world revolves arou nd her, shout when she doesnt get her way, and other such self-centered thought patterns, which is completely normal for someone her age. Another aspect of watching Scarlett grow is watching her problem-solving abilities. ceremonial occasion her play certain games, and engaging in activities with her that require her to go from point A to point B by using different strategies has helped her develop previous than a child normally would. She displays strong strategy use in the form of Algorithm, and Heuristic models. She is now capable of using toys that require going through steps to finish, such as putting all the blocks in the box with the holes shaped like the individual blocks, and putting the different sized colored ring on the holder that stacks them in order from largest at the bottom in descending order up to the smallest at the top.Heuristically, she displays more and more tricksy ways to achieve the same results. Before, she would dig in the toy box and cry until she fo und what she wanted, now shell just dump the whole thing out, collar what she wants, and put everything else back. Scarlett has a strong will, and will actually perform things that we did not know she was capable of when she thinks nobody can see her, and when we are consciously present, shell judge she cant do something so someone will do it for her, and other self-centered behaviors. Discussing her Ego-Centric, Self Centered, and Strong-Willed Temperment leads me into yet another set of mental Principles that are starting to be used around their house. Im talking about the development of Scarletts character as described under the umbrella of Social-Emotional Development, which includes how she is parented. She has just passed a phase where she had a serious Attachment issue with her Mother.If she was apart from her mother for one second, it was like a capital offense, and the riot would begin forthwith. Thank God thats over. My sister and Brother-in Law take an assertive, Auth oritative Parenting style. Scarlett is still in her Preconventional Stage of Moral Development, and doesntunderstand why she cant do certain things, and from time-to-time, they use different forms of Discipline. Even though Scarlett doesnt understand why she cant flush random objects from the house down the toilet, but she does understand things Pavlovs way, because she responds to Classical condition, having things she likes taken away, in a Negative Punishment fashion, and Positive Reinforcement when she behaves.Operant Conditioning seems to work as well. Skinner proposed that behaviors that are reinforced will continue, and so far it seems to be true when dealing with Scarlett. She understands what you say to her, even though she cant respond with words. This is known as Receptive Language Development. Scarlett is a doll, and the cutest child alive. Watching her grow is an unprecedented joy. However, as a Doctor I will be confronted with people from all ends of the age-spectrum.A nother psychological concept that I want to talk about is the Adulthood more particularly slowly Adulthood, and Theories of Psychological Development in Late Adulthood. Since I have been in a close relationship with my great-grandfather and great-grandmother, and at present I live with them under the same roof, I have witnessed the transformation in their personalities during the years. The final psychological conflict of Eriksons (1950) theory, ego integrity versus despair, involves coming to terms with ones life. My grandparents have arrived at a sense of integrity, feel whole, complete, and satisfied with their achievements. They have adapted to inevitable triumphs and disappointments and realize that the paths they followed, abandoned, and never selected were necessary for fashioning a meaning(prenominal) life course.The capacity to view ones life in the larger context of all humanity contributes to the serenity and contentment that accompany integrity. We will hope for 30 mor e years of life, and it is in Gods hands how much he will decide to give us, my great-grandfather says. He has recognised his life course as something that had to be the way it was, and the only thing left to do is simply enjoy the rest of his life by sightedness his accomplishment he achieved raising his children and grandchildren and get a charge out of their achievements. He and his wife aged gracefully, felt satisfied with their achievements, and could often be seen travel hand in hand, deeply in love.In addition to the concepts related to the Late Adulthood I have another example concerning the theory of Reminiscence. One of my close friends grandfathers was a junior Sergeant in the Balkan war, and he has told stories about people and events from that time since I know him. Every time I try to start a conversation on a different topic, his brain finds a way to relate it to his past as a soldier on the battlefield. Clearly, life review is not essential for adapting well to lat e adulthood. Reminiscence that is self-focused, engaged in to reduce boredom and revive events in which the person felt important and significant, is linked to adjustment problems.As I have observed everyone close to me in life, had our ups and downs, seen people go through changes, and at rest(p) through major changes myself, I now see how just about all of the principles, concepts, and theories of Psychology weaved in and through my life. I know as a Dentist, that I will still be responsible to the Board that will license me to practice, the people that uphold the integrity of the medical profession. If Im not well-versed enough in all aspects of medicine I know I wont be able to practice, so thats one movement this is important. Having an understanding of certain concepts and applying them in my relationships with others has helped me tremendously, and I am grateful.

Deaf President Now

Richard Evans 12 October 2012 Deaf Community Midterm DPN Who Will Be President It all started in 1987 at the first deaf shoal in the United States, Gallaudet University. Former President Dr. Jerry C. Lee resigned at the end of 1987 and the school needed to find another president to take place. So in February of 1988 the committee announced the finalists for the running for a newborn president. A majority of the candidates were of interview and just a couple were of deaf nature. Let us start by discussing, who were the candidates, what initially started the troubles in 1988, and how it was finally resolved.In 1988 when Gallaudet University needed to find a new president to take over for the open position at stake they had many people send in their resumes to the committee who takes c are of that kind of stuff. They after announced the finalists and some were hearing and some were deaf and considering this is a deaf school, wouldnt one think that a deaf president would fit a lot bet ter than a hearing person? Well the finalists that were announced were the succeeding(a) Dr. Harvey Corson, who is deaf, Dr. I. world-beater Jordan, who was also deaf, and Dr. Elisabeth Zinser, who is hearing. The congregation of Gallaudet wanted the presidency to be filled by one of the two deaf candidates and they started writing and sending letters to the shape up to let them know how they would like to see the direction of the school. Then the school announced who was going to take over the open position and when they said it was the hearing candidate the school was in shock, and thats when history was forever changed at that school.March 1, 1988 was the twenty-four hours when the board finally announced their decision and when the University had announced that Zinser had become the new president of the university the students, angered and with feelings of betrayal, marched to the board meeting and they demanded to be told why that was the decision that had been made. The fol lowing day is when they finally got to hear why they made the decision and the students of Gallaudet were appalled. Meetings upon meetings took place between the student congregation debating what next step was needed to be taken.They unyielding to barricade the way onto the campus the next morning and they rallied and gave speeches to all the students and the protest leaders came to a conclusion on what they wanted. They gave the board 4 ultimatums that must be met or else and they were 1. Zinser Must resign and a deaf president be selected 2. Spilman must step down off of the board 3. The percentage of deaf persons on the board must be a majority and 4. There must be no reprisals against any of the protesters. And the board said no to all of their demands and the protesters then glowering to marching to the Capitol Building in D. C.The following day the university wasnt barricaded any longer and the universitys classes took place but the protesters boycotted the classes and went to speeches and rallies instead. The rallies had then gotten so enceinte that it was being covered by national television, programs, and newspapers. Zinser then thought to herself that she needed to begin her presidency early and she started appearing on campus to show that she cares. But she was sullen down quickly and then the following day she resigned and the students took march to the capital to get the other 3 demands to be taken and make sure they are done.The next day was a day break for everyone to relax so that Sunday they would then start up again. Then all 4 demands were met and Dr. I. King Jordan was the first deaf president at Gallaudet University. In 8 days and tons of emotional stress and action packed days the rallies and everything came to an end and everyone was happy. To recap all of what had happened just shows with a lot of heart and effort one can succeed in anything and the congregation at Gallaudet had shown the world that the deaf society can stick up and join together and not budge.This revolution at Gallaudet will always be remembered and marks a big fuck in history for the deaf community. Works Cited Deaf President Now Protest Gallaudet University. Deaf President Now Protest Gallaudet University. N. p. , n. d. Web. 03 Oct. 2012. . DeafWeb Washington CSCDHH GA newsletter March 1998. DeafWeb Washington CSCDHH GA Newsletter March 1998. N. p. , n. d. Web. 03 Oct. 2012. . Lane, Harlan L. , Robert Hoffmeister, and Benjamin J. Bahan. A Journey into

English Language and Students

1 Introduction At present, harangue a foreign lecture represents atomic number 53 of the essential requirements of today? s society. Besides other skills and friendship, it is considered as one of the most influencing factors while applying for a job or sustaining in a particular wreak position under the condition of advancing the verbiage level. establish on my work experience, I can confirm that knowing a foreign actors line is a necessity for all(prenominal)one in general, primarily for my students soldiers. These people argon required to reach a sufficient level in a foreign language in order to accomplish military assignments in missions abroad.Teaching foreign languages, mainly slope, for these military purposes is provided by the Defence Language Institute in Vyskov where I contain been working as an English teacher for almost three years. My principal oddment is to provide the soldiers with as cost-efficient English lessons as possible beca office it will be the m who will beget to deal with international relationships and take measures for solving various situations. The main reason for choosing this topic for my bachelor thesis was realizing how principal(prenominal) oral presentation is in everyday situations.No matter where we atomic number 18, either in the Philippine Republic or in a foreign country, English converse plays a crucial role in understanding each other and dealing with different kinds of uncovered problems. It nitty-gritty school teachers need English to slide by with their colleagues native blabers.. Even if they come from America, England or Australia and their accents differ, it is hardly a question of time for teachers and also students to adjust to their speech and distinguish differences in pronunciation.Being able to support a fluent intercourse with a native accoster is attended as the main goal of students, which underlines the importance of verbalizeing skills in a student? s bakshis of view. The refore, in my thesis I decided to concentrate on communicatory activities which might be helpful for English teachers and enhance their students? communicative skills. 1. 1 Statement of the problem This research would What is the effectiveness of implementing speech production zone at the University campus? 1. 2 Objective of the studyThe objectives of my studies are 1. To review the concept and importance of verbaliseing skill. 2. To die the factors that are effective in speaking skill. 3. To explore the tender ways of speaking skill. 4. To recommend how they improve speaking skill in English at University campus. * * 2 Discussion 2. 1. SPEAKING * 2. 1. 1 Speaking as a skill For most people, the ability to speak a foreign language is corresponding with knowing that language beca handling speech is for them the basic means of human parley.English learners no longer expect the traditional approach shot of their teachers establish on transgressing mainly the grammatical compet ence and using methodology popular in the past. Today, teachers are expected to provide their students with useful active knowledge of the foreign language, non just theory about the language. Communicative approach focuses on a balance between fluency and accuracy and is the most suitable for those students whose aim is to gain government agency in speaking and chatal abilities.Nevertheless, speaking in a foreign language has practically been viewed as the most demanding of the four skills. While listening and learn involve the ability to correctly receive messages and are in that locationfore referred to as receptive skills, speaking and writing, on the other hand, involve language production and are referred to as productive skills. (Harmer 1995, 16) Producing spoken language has much meant a difficulty and an obstacle for English learners. There might arise a question why.The closure is obvious. In the natural spoken language students are required to be aware of char acteristics of fluent speech, much(prenominal) as reduced gos, use of slang or idioms, fixed phrases, collocations and most importantly the pace of speech. All of these have to be taken into consideration while practising conference in class. Without these, our spoken language would audio frequency bookish and unnatural. To avoid this, it is essential to introduce and practise real communication with our students ithin the learning process. If it is neglected, it whitethorn be a reason why students are often shocked and disappointed when using a foreign language for the first time whilst interacting in foreign environment. They have not been furbish upd for spontaneous communication and could not cope with all of its simultaneous demands. The embarrassment is usually caused by students inability to adjust to native speakers speech. This is natural and adjures patience while learning to speak or communicate in a foreign language.As I already mentioned, native speakers are a grea t support and the opportunity to communicate with them means even greater gainment for our students. Although it is quite demanding for students to keep up in conversation with them, they take it as an advantage in their studies. Most English learners are actually familiar with the fact that the best way to advance their speaking skills is adjusting to it in an English speaking environment. 2. 1. 2 Difference between speaking and conversation Although the hurt speaking and conversation may seem clear, they often get misunderstood.Speaking as a skill taught at schools presents the students ability to deliver mail his or her opinions, thoughts and ideas to a particular matter. Speaking invest, which is usually based on storytelling, giving speech or presentation, is the necessity for later successful conversation. Nevertheless, the focus on speaking activities has diminished in recent years. This has been caused by some(prenominal) factors, especially by realizing the need of ev eryday communication. As I mentioned above, giving speeches or presentations is not what we concentrate on in our lessons.Even though these are crucial prerequisites for later conversational practice, the teachers tend to focus on communicative activities as the main goal of speaking lessons. I have no objection to this, unless it is essential to mention the importance of presentations for military English learners working for the Ministry of Defence and the consequences of the lack of speaking skill while giving military presentations abroad. For this reason, it is very important for teachers to think through with(predicate) the purpose of speaking and communicative activities being prepared for lessons and also the guide group of learners.Nolasco (1987, 3) mentions that being able to speak reasonably correct and even fluent English is one thing, but being able to engage in on-going, interactive, mentally matching conversation is another. Conversation is such(prenominal) a natu ral part of our lives that many people are not conscious of what happens within it. however, conversation follows certain rules which should be obeyed in order for participants to feel relaxed and be satisfied with it. Arthur (1987, 5) adds that the main purpose of conversation is the exchange of information among people.While communicating, our students may find themselves in different social situations playing various social roles and the main task for language teachers is to prepare them for these real situations they might participate in. This also includes leading students to turn the ability to initiate and sustain conversation whenever it occurs. 2. 1. 3 Students motivation to participate in a speaking lesson When students learn a foreign language, they very often accumulate a lot of knowledge (grammatical rules, lists of vocabulary items), but then they find out that they cannot actually use this language to communicate when they want to.Scrivener (2005, 147) claims that t here seems to be about difficulty in moving language from passive knowledge into active usage. Without experience in using the language, learners may tend to be nervous about trying to say things. Partly they may fear seeming foolish in front of others, they may worry about acquiring things wrong they may want to avoid teachers comments or correction and so on. It takes quite a long time for some students to express themselves, which leads to long embarrassing pauses while learners are trying to find out how to say what they really want to say.One of the best ways of helping learners to activate their knowledge is to put them in safe situations in class where they are inspired and encouraged to try to speak a foreign language. Teachers should try to create such activities in which learners feel less worried about speaking and less under pressure. Nevertheless, the teacher is not the only one whom the students success in speaking is based on. There are also motivational factors, di ffering from student to student, which influence his progress in the spoken language. Harmer (1991, 4-6) distinguishes external and intrinsic motivation.He claims that students? attitude to speaking the language may be affected by different factors from the outside, such as people in close surroundings, previous speaking experience in a foreign language or the job opportunities offered after mastering foreign language communication. All of these represent extrinsic motivation. Although extrinsic motivation is nowadays a driving force for most students, without intrinsic motivation no goal in improving the speaking skill could be achieved. Success is also based on students? willingness to learn to speak a foreign language, which may be influenced by the teacher? methods used in principle communication and, above all, his or her personality. Considering these, teachers should realize how important role they play in encouraging the students to learn to speak a foreign language. Stude nts personalities also play an important role in determining how quickly and correctly they will manage a speaking task. Those students who are risk-takers, unafraid of qualification mistakes, are generally more talkative but usually make many errors. Those who are shy may take a long time to speak confidently, but when they finally manage it, their English contains fewer errors.The aim of both types of students is the same, indeed to use the language correctly and fluently. To achieve this goal the teachers should try as much as they can to outwear the silence in the classroom and get the students speak no matter how many mistakes they make or how long it takes them to produce sentences. In order to reduction shyness while speaking in front of the self-colored class, students may be offered the opportunity to work in groups or equalises, which is a suitable approach for enhancing the active language use. Harmer (1991, 7-9) points out different motivational factors depending o n the age and level of the students.Childrens and adolescents motivation to speak a foreign language is moot for the purpose of my thesis because, as mentioned above, I deal with adult English learners and their motivational needs for a foreign language communication are substantially different from the others. I concentrate on intermediate students who represent the majority in my classes. Their English is good at this stage but they are propel by a primary goal of achieving a more advanced level of the language. They already know a lot and are able to have a conversation about every day matters but sometimes there might occur some problems.One of them is often the feeling that they are deluge with the new(a) complexity of the language and cannot cope with it. Teachers, when having found this out, should focus on make up the knowledge students already have and assure them they can speak the language well enough to understand and be understood. Ur (1991, 274-280) declares that motivation is very strongly related to achievement in language learning. This statement results from education practice showing that eager learners willing to invest effort in speaking activities are handlely to make greater progress.On the contrary, those sitting silently at the desk without proneness to be involved in any kind of speaking activity, may find themselves stuck to be able to improve their speaking skill. Having noticed this, teachers should encourage low-motivated students to develop the interest in communicative activities. Ur (1991, 281) describes some strategies to enhance students motivation to speak in a lesson. The principal one is selecting the topic carefully to make it as interesting for students as possible. If the teachers choice fails in the class, there should be no panic or embarrassment.The possible solution to this situation may be asking the students to vote for a topic they would be interested in talking about. Varied tasks are also suggested for a successful and efficient speaking lesson as well as using visuals to enhance students motivation to speak. Average pictures copied from different sorts of textbooks and workbooks do not encourage adult learners to speak anymore. Based on my teaching experience, adult learners prefer to be set into real situations, dealing with real and current news items concerning todays world and society.To satisfy students expectations, teachers should be supplied with sufficient amount of authentic materials, such as newspapers and magazines. The speaking tasks could be based on describing the photos to each other and guessing the place in the world where the action has happened. Connection between the picture and reality makes it even more tempting for students to express their points of view to a particular event and, at the same time, the teachers goal is achieved as well getting students to speak and communicate with each other. 2. 1. 4 Accuracy versus fluencyAccuracy and fluency are ter ms characteristic for a successful and fecund conversation. Scrivener (2005, 160-162) declares that accuracy is the ability to speak correctly without making serious mistakes and therefore a greater use of instant teachers correction within a speaking activity is appropriate. On the contrary, fluency is the ability to speak confidently without irrelevant pauses or hesitation, however, often with making major mistakes. In this case, instant correction may be inappropriate and could interfere with the aims of the speaking activity. Teachers should be aware f whether their main goal in a speaking activity is accuracy or fluency and adapt their role in class eligibly. If the main aim is to get students to speak, then one way to achieve that would be reducing teacher? s contribution. It is supposed that the less he or she speaks, the more time and space it will accept the students to. If the main aim is accuracy, the teacher should concentrate on students? mistakes and devote time to th eir correction. However important speaking without mistakes is, a promoted trend at present seems to be to lead students to a fluent conversation in every day situations.Taking this into consideration, this approach best fits the needs of today? s society which is based on fast exchanges of information. Nevertheless, it would be injudicious to qualify accuracy as less important in communication and underestimate its importance. It is also essential for the ability to speak a foreign language well. 2. 1. 5 Correcting students mistakes Fluency Activities In a fluency activity the teacher is expected to monitor the class and encourage the students to speak with minimum interfering and correction. This technique is called scaffolding.Scrivener (2005, 162) states that it is a way a competent language speaker helps a less competent one to communicate by encouraging and providing possible elements of conversation. In practice it means to encourage the weaker one by nodding, eye contact, r epeating the last word in order to encourage the speaker to continue, asking tag questions, etc. The aim of this encouragement is to make a student speak as much as he or she is able to. Considering a fluent activity, correcting the mistakes should be done after finishing this activity. Suggested techniques are the following ) writing the sentences used during the activity on the board and discussing them with the whole class b) writing incorrect sentences used during the activity on the board and encouraging the students to make correction c) inventing and writing down the story that includes some errors the teacher overheard during the activity and students try to find them and correct them d) writing out two lists A and B each list contains ten sentences from the activity but some of them are correct, some of them incorrect. Students work in two groups and their task is to decide if the sentences are either correct or incorrect and why Accuracy ActivitiesIn an accuracy based ac tivity the teacher is required to correct students? mistakes whenever possible. While practising accuracy, students become aware of their own mistakes in speaking straight away because the teacher does not wait until finishing the task. This approach is suitable while focusing on grammar mainly and enables the students to realize and correct their mistakes and also prevent their recurrence. 1. 2 COMMUNICATIVE ACTIVITIES all(prenominal) speaking lesson should be based on communicative activities which fulfil two important language learning needs.They encourage the learners to acquire language knowledge and prepare them for real-life language use. Achieving the outcome requires the participants to interact, which means not only speak with a person but also listen to what he or she is saying and contradict to it. 2. 1. 6 Importance of pair work and group work Pair work and group work present ways of organizing the class while teaching speaking. The teacher? s responsibility is to cho ose a suitable communicative activity depending on what is going to be practised either fluency or accuracy and organize the students into pairs or groups.In some activities such as role plays and guessing games, pair work is essential. On the other hand, discussions and debates require group work and enable the students to express their opinions on a given topic within the group. After that, the spokesman of each group notifies the rest of the class about the conclusion they have reached. This may lead to a following discussion among groups and if the topic is amusing, the speaking lesson seems to be enjoyable for both students and the teacher, too. Advantages of pair and group workThere are many reasons for pair and group work to be used in the lessons. First of all, they provide the students with a lot more practice than working as a whole class. Students also feel more comfortable to speak to one or two people rather than the whole class and the teacher. Moreover, speaking to just a few people is closer to real-life situations. Pair and group work allows each student to work at the pace of his or her small group or pair. The teacher is no more considered the only source of information but the students learn from each other.This creates opportunities for learners? knowledge to be shared. In order to be successful, learners need to become accustomed to using English without the teacher? s permanent support. Therefore, working in pairs or groups helps them to build up their independence and confidence for and conversations. The advantages of pair and group work can be noticeable not only from the learner? s but also the teachers point of view. It provides the teacher with more time to work with weaker students and encourage them, by participating in a role play or discussion, to communicate.Teachers can also gain from a great availableness of different communicative activities being offered in bookshops and on the internet nowadays. The variety of materia ls for pair or group work speaking practice is praised by most of them and their use has proved to be very efficient for speaking skill improvement. Slight disadvantages of pair and group work However efficient and useful pair and group work is, it may sometimes cause little problems while practising speaking. According to Doff (1989, 141) the noise belongs to these obstacles the teachers have to cut through during lessons.Usually the students themselves are not disturbed by the noise, it is more noticeable to the teacher observing pairs or groups. However, the noise created by pair and group work demonstrates learners? battle in a speaking task and gives the teacher visual evidence of students? involvement. Considering this, the success in working in pairs or groups depends mainly on the students? and the teachers approach. Another fact Doff (1989, 141) mentions is the difficulty to control the whole class during a communicative activity.To stop activity getting out of control, i t is important to give the students clear instructions, define the speaking task clearly and set up a routine, so that students accept the idea of working in pairs or groups and know exactly what to do. 2. 1. 7 The role of a teacher in communicative activities The teacher is a facilitator of students? learning and as such he has many roles to fulfill. Freeman (1986, 131) describes him as a manager of classroom activities. In this role, one of his major responsibilities is to set up activities that promote communication.During the communicative activities he acts as a consultant answering students? questions, offers advice and provides necessary language items. One of the most important roles is to make sure that students know what they are supposed to practise and check if they do it effectively. These roles are called a conductor and a monitor. Although there is a great number of various activities which may be used in speaking lessons, their use would be confusing and pointless if they would not be logically organised. Being a good organiser should be an ability possessed by every skillful teacher.Considering the facts mentioned above we can conclude that the teacher? s personality in a learning process is very important not only while participating in the activity but also while monitoring the students. The teacher? s less dominant role in communicative activities offers the students the opportunity to be involved in conversation and improve their speaking skills to be able to cope with the real-life situations. * 3 CONCLUSION In my thesis I tried to deal with speaking as one of four basic skills and highlight its importance in everyday situations.My aim was to distinguish speaking and conversation since these terms are commonly used but often get mixed up. I pointed out that conversation plays a crucial role in our lives and without it we would not be able to exchange the information and share our knowledge. I also dealt with motivation as an essential fac tor for language learners and classified its types extrinsic and intrinsic, with the emphasis on the teacher? s personality which influences the students? willingness to participate actively in the learning process.I mentioned native speakers as a great source for our teaching practice and described the ways they may encourage the students to carry on studying a foreign language. To feel confident while learning to speak a foreign language, the students are supposed to be put in a safe environment. This prevents them from embarrassement or anxiety when they are asked to express themselves. I tried to explain this term and suggested possible ways to decrease students? concern about speaking. Due to students? different personalities and also abilities to speak a foreign language, I dealt with pair work and group work as the ways of organizing the class.I mentioned the advantages of this kind of work, especially reducing tension in class, creating a pleasant atmosphere and building up students? independence and confidence. Pair work was evaluated as more useful since it is closer to real-life situations and dealing with them is the main aim that the students are heading for. Another theater I focused on, were communicative activities and their categorization information gap activities, discussions, role plays, simulations and guessing games. I characterized them and evaluated the interaction they offer to prepare students for real-life language use.In connection with them, I dealt with terms accuracy and fluency and explained the importance of distinguishing them repayable to teacher? s objective within the lesson. I introduced different techniques for correcting mistakes in either accuracy or fluency communicative activities and also described the roles of a teacher and requirements which he or she has to fulfil to manage the roles successfully. By means of this thesis I recognise how important it is for the teacher to have a great amount of information con cerning teaching speaking to be able to provide the students with efficient conversational lessons.The methodology literature I was reading through enabled me to have a look at a speaking skill from a different point of view and think about this issue more deeply. All the theoretical information I gained from this literature was used in the practical part of my thesis. Based on that, I reached several findings. One of them was realizing how important role motivation plays in the learning process. It was proved that students? progress in speaking a foreign language depends on motivation and encouragement from their teachers.I found out that if there are no stimulating factors and the students are not motivated, it leads to boredom in class. To prevent this, entertain communicative activities and interesting topics proved to be very useful and effective. Another fact which I found reasonable while evaluating presented activities, was distinguishing them according to the teacher? s obj ective. The fluency activities proved to be essential while practising fluent conversation to prepare students for the real world. On the other hand, the accuracy ctivities focused on grammar and due to them the students were given the opportunity to practise the correct use of foreign language. Since using various types of communicative activities proved very beneficial in my classes, I would like to recommend them to all teachers whose aim is to improve their students? communicative skills. 4 Recommendation 1. Living through a situation and finding to use the language as a compelling force always helps in acquiring a sound language habit. Can be teacher of English devise such situations when it is the second or the third language to learn?.It is not uncommon to find that the child even when he is at play he uses the new sounds as he hears them being used by other children in his play groups, without even knowing what each sound or word means. In a very short time he has learnt the meanings of the words by using them in the right place at the right moment. 2. Meaning of words must be allowed to be explored and they are learnt and remembered better. Equivalents, if used, often weaken the impression of the new word and thus tend to damage pupils interest in learning a language. Certain though around a great deal of difficulty stimulators learning.It must be guaranteed that the living personality of the teacher makes use of new word in all kinds of contexts and situations. 3. The proper plan is to adopt new sounds, words and structure patterns into well designed course which ensures gradual yet through repetition so that correct forms, construction are established in the mental habits of the pupils. Pupils should not have a free choice of grammatical form and structure. * * * * * * * * * * 5 References 1. Harmer, J. (1991). The practice of position language teaching. EssexLongman, 296p. , ISBN0-582- 046564 1. Scrivener, J. (2005).Learning teaching. OxfordMacmil lan Publishers Lim, 431p. , ISBN1- 4050- 1399- 0 2. Ur, P. (1991). A course in language teaching. CambridgeCambridge University Press, 375p. , ISBN0-521-44994-4 3. Thornbury, S. (2005). How to teach speaking. EssexPearson Education Limited, 156p. , ISBN0-582-85359-1 4. Littlewood, W. (1994). Communicative language teaching. CambridgeCambridge University Press, 108p. , ISBN0-521-28154-7 5. Celce, M. M. (2001). Teaching english as a second or foreign language. BostonHeinleHeinle, 584p. , ISBN0-8384-1992-5 6. Ladousse, G. (1987). Role play.Oxford Oxford University Press, 182p. , ISBN 0-1943-7095 7. Doff, A. (1989). Teaching english. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 286p. , ISBN 0-521-348641 8. Freeman, D. (1986). Techniques and principles in language teaching. Oxford Oxford University Press, 142p. , ISBN 0-1943-4133 9. Nolasco, R Arthur, L. (1987). Conversation. Oxford Oxford University Press, 150p. , ISBN 0-19-437096-8 10. Hadfield, J. (1990). Intermediate communication games. Essex Jill Hadfield, 105p. , ISBN 0-17-555872-8

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Life in the Great Gatsby

Through his classic novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald allows many aspects of his personal life to permeate into the story, characters, and ideologies. Without having any background into the life of Fitzgerald, the average out reader would conclude that the story was no less than a figment of Fitzgeralds imagination. This is non the case however, as F. Scott funnels many of his thoughts and ideas into the characters in the allow. There argon quite a few stunning similarities between his character Daisy, and his own wife Zelda.He incorporates his general attitudes toward m onenessy as he displays the financial behaviors of his characters to model his own. near importantly, he bases much of the plot and characterizations on his time living in Great Neck, New York a very wealthy section of Long Island. It is these aspects that possess the reader a greater understanding of Fitzgeralds life, and gives the novel itself a more profound meaning. The Great Gatsby was a book wr itten in France, moreover born at 6 Gateway Drive in Great Neck, New York.Gatsby lived there for both years, and though the communities of East and West Egg are technically fictional, they are quite clearly based mutilate of Kings Point and Manhasset Bay. As Mary Jo Murphy of the New York Times states in her recent denomination Fitzgerald himself knew it well He seeded his masterpiece there, dra realizeg on his own experiences on that slender riotous island (Murphy). The setting of The Great Gatsby was identical to that of his home of two years, and this couldnt be a more black and white comparison of his life to the book.Fitzgerald lived in a wealthy, upper class community in which neighborly status was based upon wealth. Fitzgerald was constantly surrounded by social leaches, ever-trying to crawl up the social ladder people whose sole concern was in partying, non a care for the mysterious Gatsby. We see this when Nick states, I believe that on the first night I went to Gatsb ys house I was one of the few guest who had actually been invited I was immediately struck by the number of young Englishmen dotted about all well dressed, all looking a little hungry, and all talking in low, earnest voices to solid and preposterous Ameri rout outs (41).These inhabitant of Great Neck were surely represented by the attendees of Gatsbys social gatherings every Saturday night. The shallow demeanors and hollow intentions of Fitzgeralds friends on Great Neck contributed much to his criticism of American culture, especially of the upper class. Another study aspect of Fitzgeralds life that was represented in The Great Gatsby is his wife, Zelda. She can easily be compared to Tom Buchanans wife, Daisy, as much of the feelings and events shared in their relationship are very similar to those in F. Scott and Zeldas relationship.When Francis Scott first met Zelda while writing in New York City, still seeking fame and fortune, they could not be wed. Unwilling to wait while Fit zgerald succeeded in the advertisement business and unwilling to live on his small salary, Zelda Sayre broke their engagement (Bruccoli). This changed once he express to write for The Saturday Evening Post in St. Paul, as he was paid handsomely for his articles. He returned to Zelda, with his new fortune and they were immediately wed. This is eerily similar to how Gatsby could not be with Daisy prior to going off to war, for Daisy was of upper class blue-blood wealth and Gatsby was quite poor.Once Gatsby attained his wealth, by any means possible, Daisy was immediately enthralled by his possessions and she was temporarily won away from Tom Buchanan. The epitome if her selfish materialism is displayed when Daisy bent her head into the shirts and began to cry stormily. Theyre such beautiful shirts It makes me sad because Ive never seen such- such beautiful shirts before (92). These similarities prove Daisy to be a direct reflection of Zelda and more of Fitzgeralds personal life revea ling itself in the pages of The Great Gatsby.The final major aspect of F. Scott Fitzgeralds personal life that is portrayed in his novel is his behavior and attitudes toward money. This attitude, in short, would be Money can buy happiness, and theres no reason not to show it off. When F. Scott Fitzgerald was declined by Zelda Sayre, instead of moving on he elected to do the opposite. He quit his job in New York City, moved back to St. Paul where he could make a good living, and returned to Zelda hoping now he would live up to her standards. This is the same behavior we see in Jay Gatsby.When Daisy will not be with him because of his lack of wealth and social standing, Jay devotes his lifes work to attaining wealth to win Daisy back. Also Mr. Fitzgerald had a tendency to spend money just as quickly as he earned it living above his means, and showing off his wealth whenever he could. The same is shown of Gatsby when Nick describes Gatsbys car, Id seen it. Everyone had seen it. It was a rich cream color, bright with nickel, swollen here and there in its monstrous length with triumphant hat-boxes and supper-boxes and tool-boxes, nd terraced with a labyrinth of windshields that mirrored a dozen suns (64). He spends luxuriously, buying the most expensive car and unless wearing brightly colored expensive suits. This reckless and attention seeking spending of money is one behavior of F. Scott Fitzgerald that is prominent in his character Gatsby. time The Great Gatsby was written surely to be a critique and disapproving display of the upper class in America, it is also a deeper revelation of F. Scott Fitzgeralds life. Most would not recognize this, but his book is saturated with aspects of his own life.Allowing his own life to be present in his novel is surely something that gives the book some real emotion and deeper meaning. The people, events, and attitudes displayed in the book are not just fiction theyre based off of the real life of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Bibliog raphy Bruccoli, Matthew J. A Brief Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald. SC. edu. The University of South Carolina, 4 Dec. 2003. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. . Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York City Charles Scribners Sons, 1925. Print. Murphy, Mary Jo. Eyeing the Unreal Estate of Gatsby Esq. NYTimes. com. The New York Times ,1 Oct. 2010. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. .

A study on service quality of G-six Hair and Beauty Salon Essay

G-six Hair and dish antenna beauty parlour prides on providing a high standard of guest assistance. In humanitarian to the part hair and beauty work, the customer suffice has been found to be unrivalled of the main reasons of lymph glands keep coming back to the salon. Today, beauty apprehension becomes a big business, which fire contri notwithstandinge to an economy significantly (Peiss 2000).Large scale production, global distribution networks, extensive advertisement efforts, scientific marketing and sales at a large scale, all these eat contributed to the emergence of beauty as an industry (Peiss 2000). looker is always considered as an important attribute for female. From the ancient magazine till now, we can trace many descriptions of beauty and beauty c atomic number 18 practices in the poetry, literature and arts (Peiss 2000). As globalization intensifies, the concept of beauty and the emergency of being beautiful have gone through an evolutionary change.Now women tend to spend more time, energy and money on beautification by see beauty parlors or salons (Schwer & Daneshvary 2000 Joy, Sherry, Troilo & Deschenes 2010). Physically attractive populate usually income more comp atomic number 18d to the less attractive people (Hamermesh & Biddle 1994 Frieze, Ohlson & Russell 1991). Moreover the institutions tend to earn more tax if they hire physically attractive employees (Bosman, Pfann, Biddle &Hamermesh (1997). Besides, being attractive can increase the possibility of getting married (Young 2011).The growing importance and demand of beauty care vigorously raised the question on quality help issues for beauty parlors. As beauty care is a kind of personal good, ensuring service quality is challenging yet unavoidable need for the customers. It has been evident that, when customers perceptions of service quality are positive, the behavioral intentions are favorable, which strengthens their relationship with the organization (Zeithaml & Bitner 2003).On the other hand, when service-quality assessments are negative, the customers behavioral intentions are unfavorable (Kouthouris & Alexandris 2005). For the success of any service organization, quality is imperative and of paramount importance to the service providers (Bebko 2000). As services are fitcommodity-like it can offer a source of competitive advantage for the service providers (Chowdhury, Iqbal&Miah 2010). A great haircut just isnt enough to keep a client any more.The country is saturated with salons and, for most, theres a competitor only yards away who is also well equipped to offer a technically accurate and fashionable haircut (Sophieh 2008). Having regular customers is one of the most important aspects of running a successful hair salon with consistent customer numbers and genial customers always proving to provide strong financial returns and reviews. In nows era of fast-changing global marketplace, customer satisfaction has been an important aspect. With the increase of the importance of service sector in the economy of Myanmar, the measurement of service quality became important. Moreover, customers satisfaction may champion the service providers to spread positive word-of-mouth and maintaining current customers can help the firms to be more profitable. servicing quality is an approach to manage business processes in order to ensure full satisfaction of the customers which will help to increase competitiveness and effectiveness of the industry. Quality in service is very important especially for the growth and development of service sector business enterprises (Powell, 1995).We fill out that customers satisfaction with individual service encounters affect the customers satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the overall service experience (Johnston 1995). So, it is important to know whether the clients expectation regarding the service really matches the perceived service in all dimensions of service quality.1.1Rationale of th e StudyThe beauty care service industry in Myanmar is growing day by day and it is contributing in the economy both in terms of revenue and employment generation. Along with the local firms, many foreign firms and franchise companies are trying to enter in the industry with professional set up and huge investment. in that locationfore this is the high time to explore and understand the service bedcover scenario of the beauty care industry. Previously, searchers had conducted several studies on service quality in different service sectors like hospitality, educational institute, financial institute, airlines, advertising agency and tourism.In today competitiveenvironment, majority of the businesses face with intense competition. They need not only to retain their existing customers but also to attract new customers. Among the businesses, services sector becomes important because it can create job opportunity and provide customer satisfaction. At present, in service sector, beauty c are services are growing faster and booming because it can provide self-confidence, personal grooming and anti-aging in society. In the highly competitive beauty-care service industry, service quality becomes one of the most important elements for gaining a sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace.To satisfy and retain customers of beauty-care service industry faces challenges. Important benefits of visiting beauty shops that people get ensure of their best looks at all the times. After a stressful day, people wish to relax and to take action, so they visit a spa and salon, where they like complete relaxation with a pampering touch. It is obvious that everyone wants to look beautiful and healthy as well as this is the requirement of todays busy lives.Among various categories of beauty-care service businesses, G-six Hair and Beauty Salon, a well-established beauty-care service salon since 2002, is serving with a wide menu of beauty service which includes Make-up and Hair dos, Hair Braiding, Hair Extension and Weaving, Hair Perm, Hair Color and Hair Straighten with various techniques and Facial treatment to its customers in the competitive market of Myanmar. Therefore, there is a requirement to analyze the service quality leading to customer satisfaction and loyalty of G-six Hair and Beauty salon. legion(predicate) of these studies have shown different patterns of service gap on the five dimensions of service quality.But being a personalized service, beauty care contains different unalienable and extrinsic cues of quality which are different from the other industries. And so far, no significant research was done on service quality of G-six Hair and Beauty Salon in Myanmar.So, it is expected that the current select would help the industry experts and management of beauty care service providers to improvise their services. And understanding the significance and the implications of each service criteria would help them to prioritize their area of imp rovement, which would be especially helpful for a growing industry like this. Thus the main objective of this study is to find out the service gap, i.e. the gap between the expectations and perceptions of the customers about the service of G-six Hair and Beauty Salon.1.2Objectives of the StudyThe objectives of this study areTo explore the services provided by G-six Hair and Beauty Salon To measure service quality of G-six Hair and Beauty SalonTo examine the customer satisfaction on services provided by G-six Hair and Beauty Salon1.3 Methods of the StudyThis study is descriptive research type. To implement these three major objectives, both primary and secondary data have been used. Primary data acquired from G-six Beauty Salon and 60 regular customers 30% of total 200 regular customers who visited to G-six Hair and Beauty Salon will be selected by apply random sampling method with structured questionnaires of SERVQUAL Model GAP 5. The secondary data are obtained from profile and re cord of G-six events, old research papers, relevant text books and internet websites.1.4 Scope and Limitation of the StudyThe study will emphasis on services quality of G-six Hair and Beauty Salon which is located at No.6, G-floor, Pearl Condo, corner of Kabaraye Pagoda road and Sayarsan road, Bahan Township, Yangon. The study will focus on customer satisfaction towards services provided by G-six Hair and Beauty Salon.1.5 Literature ReviewIn the field of services marketing, service quality grabbed the most attention from the researchers (Wang, Lo & Hui 2003). To define service quality Zeithaml and Bitner (2003) emphasized on the high quality of a service. According to these scholars, perception of service quality arises from the judgment of customers, who define the service as superior.Theclassic researchers has defined the term service quality as the difference between customer expectations of the service to be standard and perceptions of the service actually received (Grnroos 1 984 Parasuraman, Zeithaml& Berry 1988). Perception was defined as consumers beliefs relating to the received service (Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Berry 1985). Brown and Swartz (1989) defined perceived service as experienced service. On the other hand, expectation was defined as the appetite or want of the consumer about the service (Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Berry 1985).In most of the cases, service quality expectations involve norms and these norms are developed on the basis of previous experiences of the consumers (Carman 1990). Parasuraman and colleagues (1985) definition was based on the concept of disconfirmation, which was defined as the difference between perception and expectation.This disconfirmation in terms of service quality leaded to a service gap. Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry (1988) considered that a customers assessment of overall service quality depends on this service gap. Khin Kay Khine, A study on Service quality of Able Winners Catering Company, January 2013 found that how customers perceive the service quality and being able to measure service quality can benefit as professional. Wutt Yi Soe, Customer Satisfaction on Service provided by Pin Lon Hospital, January 2013 found out that strongly positive relationship between patient satisfaction and service quality. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_servicehttp//www.managementstudyguide.com/customer-satisfaction.htm1.6 Organization of the PaperThis Thesis paper is organized into five chapters. In the first chapter, it contains Introduction, Rationale of the study, Objectives of the study, Method of the study, Scope and limitation of the study, Literature review and organization of the research paper. In chapter 2, theoractical background of service quality and competitiveness are discussed. Chapter 3 presents the background of business and profile of G-six Hair and Beauty Salon. In Chapter 4, dimensions of service quality of G-six Hair and Beauty Salon are analyzed by using SERVQUAL Model. Con clusion and recommandationsfor findings in the study and the requirements of future research on the head are suggested in Chapter 5.Chapter 2Theoretical Background2.1The Nature and Role of ServicesService industries are playing an increasingly important role in the overall economies of the countries of developed and developing countries. The 21st century is considered to be as the service industry. Researchers have tried to define service and to explain what service constitutes.There are many definitions regarding the concepts of service. Services are deeds, processes, and performances (Parasuraman et al. 1985). Gronroos (1983) defined service as An activity or series of activities of more or less intangibles nature that normally, but not necessarily, take place in interactions between the customer and service employees and/or physical resources or goods and I or systems of service provider, which are provided as solutions to customer problems. Sasser et. al.,(1978) defined another meaning for serviceA service is a package of explicit and implicit benefits performed with a supporting facility and using facilitating goods. Service is Any primary or complementary activity that does not directly. Produce a physical product that is, the non-goods part of the transaction between customer and provider (Payne, 1993). Whereas Kotler et. al.(1999) defined service as any activity or benefit that one party offers to another which is essentially intangible and does not run in the ownership of anything, and it may or may not be tied to a physical product. Services include all economic activities which are intangible, not physically apparent like products, which provide value to the customer.Service has become very crucial in all business industries due to globalization and the IT developments. Services are now seen almost to every part of our life, starting from the most essential demands, like eating to other entertainment activities, such as sport, travelling, etc. Se rvice is not bound to only service based businesses, like banks, telecommunications, hotels, restaurants, and beauty salons, but it is found on all companies strategic tools for gaining a competitive advantage. Nowadays products heavily rely on its services to acquire competitive advantage, and to satisfy customers needs. 2.2Nature of Service Quality

Colon Cancer Treatment and Prevention

As representatives of the citizens of New York differentiate, we have a responsibility to ensure that everyone has access to the highest quality health cargon possible.As a arouse Senator. I have worked aggressively to fight for increased funding for malignant neoplastic disease education and prevention, and to improve and expand health care coverage and treatment, including legislation we are working hard to approve the Womens Health and Wellness Act which would expand treatment and prevention services and insurance coverage for breast cancer and other illnesses facing women in particular.Colon cancer is currently the second leading cause of cancer deaths, followed only by lung cancer. This year, 130,200 Americans will be diagnosed with colon cancer. Nearly half, 56,300, will die from it.Focusing on expanding treatment and coverage for colon cancer is of critical importance in our continued efforts to provide great access to preventative health care for all citizens.Because ea rly detection is the key in fighting colon cancer and many other illnesses, it is critically important that we continue to educate people on how they can divine service to prevent colon cancer by getting a colon cancer screenings like colonoscopies. Many people are apprehensive about the test itself, which is why we must continue to advocate for quality education and prevention services. 1 tremendous resource we have here in our region, right here in Rochester, is the University of Rochesters Institute of Biomedical Sciences where scientists work diligently everyday to help find more effective ways to fight cancer. As the senior member of the Rochester State Legislative Delegation, I worked with my colleagues and Governor Pataki to secure $7 zillion in State assistance for the Institute and will continue to fight to support these important and life-saving endeavors.Certainly I support providing our health care consumers with greater access to prevention services and more expansiv e insurance coverage for colon cancer treatments and would encourage everyone interested in this issue to contact their State representatives to share their views and concerns.

Family violence/abuse is not the answer

We are told that violence is not the answer, yet our country goes to war when we have problems It is the way people and families are, the answer to everything. I have elect to explore the theme family violence/abuse is not the answer. This theme is shown in the all of a sudden story boy by Bruce Stewart, In the rubbish bin by Apirana Taylor, a true story by Michelle Manning its ok and Harry potter by J. K Rowling At the beginning of Boy, boy who is Maori he feels like he doesnt belong in his culture im not a Maori he gets bullied at school and comes home crying.His Dad comes home and sees Boy crying he says to Boy Stop being a baby or Ill give you something to cry about This shows that the Boys dad is full of violence and threats. Stormed into the bedroom once again and started smash me with his razor strap. By this saying in the story with the word Again means this isnt the first time or the finis time Boy will see of that razor strap. At the end of the story boy finds his true place where he belongs from his mothers death.He is in the hands of his mothers family and I think thats the last time Boy would have seen of that razor strap. The short story in the rubbish bin it portrays the theme that violence/ Abuse is not the answer. More the mental side than the physical side. We see this in the character phillipa. Phillipa who gets mentally mistreat by her mum. Her poor upbringing causes phillipa to take a smelly trip to a rubbish tin. Imagine how many kids in New Zealand are but like her we have over 1,600 gaming machines and over 100 gaming tables and thats at Auckland sky tower alone.There are cases were we have parents going away kids in cars on hot days just because the mum or dad want to go have a try on the machines and the tables it necessitate to send away . Why dont the parents stop and think before they do, they should be thinking of their kids future and saving up on items that they will have wanted when they dont have the money. Maybe the go vernment needs a wakeup call and instead of having the cassino open 24 hours a day, seven days a week make it less so we dont have more cases of them on the news of kids in hot cars and forgotten about.In the rubbish bin and boy have similar backgrounds just with a twist, Boys mother takes one ascorbic acid percent care of her child and Ruth shows no appreciation towards Phillipa. The dads in the story are both abusive Boys dad towards boy and Phillipas dad towards Ruth. The short story its ok also identifies the theme family violence is not the answermatt has shown that he thinks that violence is the answer sharp hard slaps , He was hitting her face ,He was hurting her to much now shows that Matt is very abusive and he wont stop anytime soon. Matt has his wife begging him to stop she was begging now stop it Stop it

Joint Venture in China

- Topic Joint-Venture china Wall Panelling erst a foreign investor is put into the mix, a wealth of legal, administrative or operational violations that a solely-owned Chinese firm may have been able to survive with, go out most likely not be tolerated by the local authorities (Devonshire-Ellise & Hoffman, 2010 Norris, 2011). Therefore an array of legal and contractual issues may arise for which a foreign caller should be prep ared. Some of these are outlined below.Environmentally Friendly Wall Panelling - As the product baffling is classed as edifice materials the company should make note of Austrades guidelines on industry standards for building materials in china (Austrade, 2012). For this environmentally friendly wall panelling the GB/T 50378-2006 regulations will apply (GCiS, 2012). The liberate of Stabilisation - Protection measures should also be stipulated through the creation of a Joint-Venture Contract.One of the biggest issues may be found through the differenc e in fair play between china and Australia chinaware having genteel justness and Australia having common law. Therefore in order to have the Joint-Venture contract protected from prospective changes in the Chinese well-behaved law system a stabilisation clause is highly recommended (Coale, M. T. B, 2001-2002). Types of Joint-Ventures in china What makes the selection of a joint-venture so important is that unconstipated though Chinas Choice of justice provisions follow outside(a) dresss this doesnt apply for Joint-Ventures.The only time a foreign recessy within a Joint-Venture may have a choice of law is when settling difference of opinions (Gao, 1989, p. 560 Wei, 2000, p. 40 Sino contrary Joint-Venture equity Article 2). Types of Sino-Foreign Joint-Ventures in China Refer to Appendix 1. Equity Joint-Venture (EJV) An equity Joint-Venture in China larns the form of a limited li might company (JVL Article 4 and Article 2 RICJVL Kluwer jurisprudence supranational, 2005 Nee, O. D, 1992, 83-101). In this type of Joint-Venture both(prenominal) parties contri notwithstandinge to the registered capital and risks profits and losses are all taken in regards to the proportion of that contribution.Four Basic attributes (Kluwer legal philosophy internationalist, 2005 Wei, 2000, p. 74-75) 1. Established in accordance to the law of the multitudes res publica of China. 2. Necessary Property or Capital 3. Possesses its own name, structure and premises 4. Assumes civil liability independently. Cooperative (Contractual) Joint-Venture Creating Chinese legal Person (CJVCJP) Also a limited liability company which assumes responsibilities for the ventures entireness assets however can have a separate internal arrangement on debt liability of separately troupe (Articles 11,12, 14 of RICJVL Wei, 2000, p. 5-76). The structure and status of this type of venture is a lot more pliant than for EJVs, with precise aspects being able to be defined by contract ( Kluwer truth International, 2005 Nee, O. D, 1992, 83-101). It also has indecorum of negotiation of product or profit distribution method while restrained being a separate legal person with the parties liability limited to their capital contributions (Article 14 of RICJVL China commerce constabulary moderate, 2005 Cooperative Joint-Venture Law and Cooperative Joint-Venture implementing Law).Cooperative (Contractual) Joint-Venture Not Creating Chinese Juristic Person (CJVWCJP) Does not create a Chinese juristic person (Article 52 of RICJVL) and parties take unlimited liabilities for the debts of the Joint-Venture jointly and severally. All investments are administered in a unified manner and consent is needed for the disposing of a partys investment (Nee, O. D, 1992, 83-101). - It has sluttish structure, high risk and low degree of control and cooperation (Nee, O. D, 1992 Wei, 2000, p. 176). -As all Chinese JVs are controlled at a lower place the P. R. C law (Article 5 of the F oreign Economic Contract Law (FECL) Lewis, 1996, p. 31 Wei, 2000, p. 73), the ability to create their own contractual clauses and have more freedom in the contractual relationship is necessary, peculiarly in regards to topics such as intellectual property that is why a Contractual Joint-Venture Creating Chinese Juristic Person is the best choice. Also, in relation to management and liability and the takings of manucircumstanceured goods this type of Joint-Venture is idealistic (China handicraft Law Guide, 2005 Gomes-Casseres, 1990 Wei, 2000, p. 68). The Issue of Intellectual Property From the 6th China International New Wall-Building Materials, Equipment and engine room exhibition held in Beijing in whitethorn 2012, it can be seen that green building is fair increasingly popular in China (GCiS, 2012). In occurrence the 12th Five-Year Plan states that by 2015, at least one billion of these should be built with eco-friendly building materials, and by 2020, green buildings will poster for more than 30% of new construction (ACBW, 2012 Appendix 6 GCiS, 2012).However, with this novelty in green building rising and a lot more foreign producers developing products and applied science in China so comes the problem of protecting intellectual property. Intellectual property protective cover is relatively new in the muckles Republic of China but its importance relates to rise (Wheare, 1998, p. 1) and it is ofttimes cited as an issue of furbish up for foreign parties in China (Ding, 1997 Liesch & McGaughey, 2000, p. 1 Massey, J. , 2006-2007 Vanhonacker & Pan, 1997). Traditionally the concept of protecting intellectual property did not have a strong hold in Chinese culture (Wei, 2000, p. 9), but Chinas reformation of its national IP system to comply with the international standards set out through the WTOs Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement has been a leap for the development of Chinas view in regards to intellectual propert y (Wheare, 1998, p. 1). However, despite Chinas accomplishments in IP protection and indications it will not become a haven of piracy it inactive considered one of the most angry places to do transaction (Folsom & Minan, 1989, p. 792 Liesch & McGaughey, 2000 p. 2).This is due to its relative novelty in the Peoples Republic qualification certain segments of the population have only a rather vague understanding of the concept (Cohen et al. , 1996, p. 7). In the P. R. C the problem isnt that they dont have laws regulating IP protection. In fact they have laws for the protection of Patents, Copyright Infringement and Trademarks. However, the problem comes when trying to implement these laws (Yuan, 2004, p. 1) as Chinese civil enforcement procedures make it really tough to protect high technology overts (Appendix 5 Kennedy and Clark, 2006 Zhang 2010 7).In addition an interesting fact to note is that Peoples court may accept unwritten say but in practice they rarely accept or put weight on this type of turn out (Kennedy and Clark, 2006). Therefore, when dealings with foreign parties it is important to develop and implement a comprehensive strategy for protecting their technology interests (Greguras, 2007, p. 3 Norris, 2011, p. 58 Wheare, 1998, p. 159). If it is assumed this wall superman company has already patented their product in Australia, under Australias Patent law the patent will last for 20 years (ALRC, 2012).As the product is already being produced in Australia it cant be patented in China. However, as China is part of WTO and is a signee on the TRIPS arrangement, therefore they are politically and morally bound to recognise the Australian patent (ALRC, 2012 Article 27. 1 of TRIPS Agreement WTO 2012). As the producers in China will need to have the production know-how for the wall paneling, therefore there is risk of intellectual property theft. To try and protect the IP a license placement for technology transplant could be considered.When setting up a technology transfer agreement, the Technology Transfer Regulations as stipulated in the China Laws for Foreign note outlines in Article 2 six ship canal of technology acquisition (Appendix 2 Kluwer Law International, 2005). - If licensing is chosen for the transfer of the patent and its technology in the Joint-Venture the usual licensing agreement is 10 years. However this is usually permitted to extend to the life of the Joint-Venture (Lewis, 1996, p. 67). The agreement involved will allow the Chinese producers to use the technological know-how with it returning to the licensor (the Australian side) once the Joint-Venture is shapeinated. However it mustiness be noted that the general consensus in China is that technology and know-how belong to the licensee at the end of the term and the licensor should not be able to restrict the licensee in its use of this information (Jianhua & Williams, 1998, p. 167 Lewis, 1996, p. 167).Therefore despite many ways one can try and protect IP in China, the most important factor is to agree out due diligence and make sure that the knowhow has been protected as good as doable. The Issue of Dispute Resolution Due to a difference in legal system, cultural values and business practices, China can be seen as a high risk business environment. In the guinea pig of any disputes a clear and understandable dispute resolution method and clause should be organise and included in the Joint-Venture contract (Wei, 2000, p. 154).It is crucial for JV parties to specify dispute resolution methods, applicable law and locale for resolving disputes (Chan & Suen, 2005). Under the law of the P. R. C, Sino foreign Joint-Ventures are allowed to select applicable law and the venue for the dispute resolution in their contractual clause and Chinese law is only an option in this case (Dobkin, 1988, 79-80 FECL 1985 Lewis J. 1996, p. 256 Wei, 2000. p. 156). However Article 25 of the Law on Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint-Ventures (2005) provides that if a dispute arises, the dispute should be in eldest instance crashd through friendly consultations to the extent possible.If such consultations dissect then the dispute may be settled by arbitrement or be referred to the Peoples Court (Lewis J. 1996, p. 255) Therefore it is recommended that in light of any breaches of contract or party disputes the first criterion should be negotiation. Negotiation is not legally binding and can preserve the guanxi between both parties, whilst being the cheapest ADR method (Cheung and Suen, 2002 Dimatteo, 2003 p. 109). Also given the law states that friendly consultation should be the first step it should be the first method tried.However if not successful a relevant arbitration can be included in the contract. The P. R. C has a flexible approach regarding dispute resolution and it can take place in China or abroad according to Chinese rules or an international arbitration body (Lewis, 1996, p. 256). However, for this wall paneli ng company it is still recommended to have the arbitration carried out in China as cost is lower and it is more convenient and is enforceable (Dimatteo, 2003, 109). Many parties scared of using mainland Chinese arbitration rules have decided on arbitrating in Hong Kong.This is a great option for the wall paneling company as Hong Kong has adopted the UNCITRAL model law on arbitration and is considered an international arbitration focalize with highly developed infrastructure (Brandt & Tomson, 2012, p. 18 Dobkin, 1988, 79-80 HKIAC, 2004). In addition, Hong Kong will able to give better advice on foreign related way outs in English making the process a lot smoother (Lewis, 1996, p. 257 Srivastava, 2002, 197). A possible dispute resolution clause that could be included in the contract can be viewed in Appendix 3. -If Arbitration still has not produced any results litigation can be considered (Wei, 2000, p. 154) but in China it is usually viewed a s a last resort due to possible bias p resent in the courts and due to court proceeding being very lengthy and high-ticket(prenominal) and its also difficult to find lawyers competent to advise on foreign matters in English. commonly foreign parties will endeavour to ensure their disputes are resolved without Chinese courts as they are still unconfident because of the reported local protectionism (Bersani, 1994 Chan, 1997) The Issue of Language -Which language should be used in the Joint-Venture contract? When dealing with foreign parties there can sometimes be large language barriers. This problem can often be solved by having a clear language agreement stipulated in the contract. It is common practice to have the contract in both acting languages. Although this can be rather expensive, it may lift some major problems that could arise in the future (Lewis, 1996, p. 31). The Issue of breathing out Chinese parties may be averted to agreeing with the public and formal ending of a Joint-Venture, not wanting to discuss t he end before even beginning (Xu, 2008).However, sometimes, as the Chinese saying goes, the foreign party might find themselves in the equal bed as the Chinese but with different dreams. This is why a exhalation clause is very important. Despite the conventionality of this clause, it is still a grey area the general practice is that foreign investors spoil their way in and then buy their way out if the situation turns bad. Chinese parties have been know to play corporate blackmail with foreign investors as to block potential exit of the foreign party or to hold them liable for all losses (Xu, 2008).A Joint-Venture contract should have a detailed termination clause which outlines the events allowing parties to terminate their involvement. It should also state the duration of the Joint-Venture. (Dimatteo 2003) Some grounds for termination are as follows (Lewis, 1996, p. 257) 1. Expiration of the Joint-Venture term 2. Inability to continue trading operations due to heavy losses 3. Inability to continue operations due to the failure of one of the contracting parties to fulfill its contractual obligations 4. Inability to continue operations to heavy losses caused by force majeure or 5.Inability to attain the desired objectives of operations and the lack of future for development. Some other terms that may be included are set out in Appendix 4. *It is proposed that the tenure for this Joint-Venture should be set at an appropriate time so as to debar the transfer of intellectual property. This time should be before the patent protection runs out and before the licensing agreement runs out. AppendicesAppendix 1 Business Structures in China (Yuwa Wei, 2000, Investing in China. p. 169) Appendix 2 China Business Law Guide 2005 a) The assignment of patent rights b) The assignment of the rights to apply for patents c) The licensing of patent exploitation d) The assignment of technical secrets e) The provision of technical services and f) Other forms of transfer of t echnology. Appendix 3 Dispute Resolution clause In the event of any dispute arising under this contract, the parties shall first make all necessary efforts to settle the dispute through friendly consultation.If it is impossible to settle the dispute in this way then the matter shall be submitted to arbitration before the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (Lewis, 1996, P. 255). Appendix 4 Grounds for Termination (Frenkel, 1998) 1. Failure of a role player to make require capital contribution 2. Failure of a participant to obtain necessary political relation approvals 3. Failure of the venture to reach a pre-agreed level of profitability 4. focal point deadlock 5. Failure of one partner to purchase the shares of another. (Buy-Sell agreement) 6. An adverse and debilitating change in the law 7.Bankruptcy or insolvency of the Joint-Venture. In relation to IP even if there is a clear termination clause and licensing agreement relating to the breach for the use of IP and know how as mentioned before the general consensus in China is that licensed IP will be able to be used once the license agreement has ended by the licensee. This means that despite efforts to protect IP, there is still a possibility of a breach and this should be understood as Chinas cultural view is different and they still have a developing legal system in relation to this problem. Appendix 5 distinguish Issues in Enforcing IP Law (Kennedy, G. amp Clark. D, 2006) The key issues are 1. Civil procedure law puts a strong institutionalise on plaintiffs to prove their case. There are no rules specifically shifting the burden of proof if a plaintiff makes out a prima facie case. This can make it very difficult to prove that a high technology patent has been infringed, or a trade secret has been misappropriated. (Article 125, spotting Law) 2. There is no discovery in civil proceedings. Parties are only required to submit evidence that assists their case. Without discovery, it can be extre mely difficult to prove a case. Article 125, Contracting Law) 3. Oral evidence is very rarely accepted in civil proceedings (63 and 72 of Civil Procedure Law) oral evidence of misbehaviour by an employee will thus be very hard to use. Appendix 6 Expected Growth of China super C Buildings (MOHURD, GCiS). Reference List 1. Austrade, 2012, Building Materials to China, Available at . Accessed on 22/10/2012. 2. Australian Business Forum (ACBW), 2012, China to Boost construction of Green Building. May 7th. Available at . Accessed on 23/10/2012. 3. Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC), 2012, length of Patent Protection, Australian Government. Available at . Accessed on 25/09/2012. 4. Brandt, M. & Tomson, K. , 2012, Hong Kongs state and crown unsusceptibility immunity for state-owned enterprises? Published by SNR Consulting and Legal Services, Hong Kong. 5. Chan, E. H. W Suen, H. C.H, 2005, Dispute resolution management for international construction projects in China, watchfulness Decision, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 589-602. 6. Cheung, S. O, and Suen, C. H, 2002, A multi-attribute utility model for dispute resolution strategy selection. Construction Management Economy, Issue No. 20, 557-568. 7. Chinese Civil Procedure Law 1991. Available at http//www. China. org. cn/english/government/207343. htm. Accessed on 16/10/2012. 8. Chinese Contract Law of 1999, in The New Contract Law in the Peoples Republic of China and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts A Brief equality by Zhang, Y.Q. Huang, D. H. Available at http//www. unidroit. org/english/publications/review/articles/2000-3-zhang-e. pdf. Accessed on 14/09/2012. 9. Chinese Law on Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint-Ventures, 2005. Available at http//www. hecpb. gov. cn/english/news/display. php? id=1. 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Asia Law Practice Publishing Ltd and Euromoney (Jersey) Ltd. Hong Kong. 29. Liesch, P. W McGaughey, S. L, 2000, An Unconventional advancement to Intellectual Property Protection The Case of an Australian Firm Transferring Shipbuilding Technologies to China. Journal of World Business 35(1). 30. Massey, J.A. , 2006-2007, The Emperor Is Far away Chinas Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights Protection, Chicago Journal of International Law, 231 (7). 31. Nee, O. D. , 1992, Chapter in Joint-Ventures in East Asia Legal Issues by Jacques Buhart, Graham and Trotman, London. 32. Norris, J. T. , 2011 January, China Foreign Direct Investment Greenfield, Mergers & Acquisition, Or Joint-Venture. The International Business and Economics Research Journal (10) (1). 33. Rules for Implementation of Chinese Joint-Venture Law (RICJVL), 1995. Available at http//www. asianlii. org/cn/legis/cen/laws/drftiotscjv805/.Accessed on 03/10/2012. 34. Smith, J. 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